Which soil type is known for being nutrient-rich?

Clay soils are known for their nutrient-rich characteristics primarily due to their high cation exchange capacity (CEC). This property allows clay particles to hold onto essential nutrients and make them available to plants. The small particle size and compact structure of clay promote the retention of moisture and nutrients, which is beneficial for crop growth. Additionally, clay soils often support a diverse microbial population that aids in the breakdown of organic matter, further enhancing their fertility.

In contrast, silty soils, while also fertile, may not have the same capacity to retain nutrients as clay soils. Sandy soils have larger particles and generally drain quickly, leading to lower nutrient retention. Saline soils can be high in salts, which can inhibit plant growth and limit nutrient availability. Thus, among the options given, clay soils stand out as particularly advantageous for their nutrient richness.