Which of the following soils is most likely to cause drainage issues due to high water retention?

The selection of clay soils as the answer is based on their physical characteristics that contribute to high water retention and subsequent drainage issues. Clay particles are very small and closely packed together, resulting in a high surface area that holds water tightly. This compact nature of clay creates a poorly drained environment, which can lead to water accumulation and saturation. Consequently, when it rains or water is applied, clay soils do not allow for quick drainage, causing problems such as waterlogging, which can negatively impact plant health and soil structure.

In contrast, sandy soils have larger particles with more space between them, making them well-draining and less likely to retain water. Silt soils, while they can hold more water than sandy soils, still do not retain water to the extent that clay soils do. Gravelly soils, like sandy soils, have large particles that promote excellent drainage and low water retention. This understanding of soil types and their drainage capabilities is crucial in agronomy and land management.