Which of the following is an ecological practice promoted in sustainable agriculture?

Crop rotation is an ecological practice promoted in sustainable agriculture for several reasons. It involves alternating the types of crops grown on a particular piece of land over time. This practice enhances soil health, reduces pest and disease pressures, and promotes biodiversity in the agricultural ecosystem.

By rotating crops, farmers can break the life cycles of pests and diseases that may become established when the same crop is grown continuously. Additionally, different crops have varying nutrient requirements and soil interactions, which can lead to improved soil fertility and structure. For instance, legumes can fix nitrogen in the soil, benefiting subsequent crops that require this nutrient. Thus, crop rotation is key to maintaining ecological balance and ensuring sustainable agricultural productivity over the long term.

The other options do not align with practices that enhance ecological sustainability. Over-reliance on synthetic fertilizers can lead to soil degradation and water pollution. Using genetically modified organisms without regard for biodiversity can disrupt local ecosystems. Heavy tillage can lead to soil erosion and loss of soil structure, which negatively impacts soil health and fertility.