What is the definition of irrigation in agriculture?

The correct definition of irrigation in agriculture is the artificial application of water to soil. This process involves distributing water to crops to supplement natural rainfall, ensuring that crops receive adequate moisture for growth throughout the growing season. Irrigation is essential in areas where rainfall is insufficient, irregular, or unpredictable, and it plays a critical role in enhancing agricultural productivity and sustainability.

By supplying water through various methods such as drip, sprinkler, or surface irrigation, farmers can control the timing and amount of water that their crops receive. This increases the efficiency of water use and promotes better crop yields compared to relying solely on natural precipitation. Effective irrigation practices help manage soil moisture levels and support plant health, ultimately leading to improved agricultural outputs.

The other options describe different aspects of agriculture or ecology but do not accurately define irrigation. Enhancing soil fertility is typically achieved through practices such as fertilization or crop rotation, while the natural process of rainfall is a source of water but does not encompass the artificial application that defines irrigation. Planting crops at different times refers to crop rotation or succession planting, which is unrelated to the concept of applying water to the soil.