What is required for germination?

Germination is the process by which a seed develops into a new plant, and it requires several crucial conditions to be successful. For germination to occur, favorable temperature, sufficient moisture, and oxygen are all essential elements.

Favorable temperature is important because every plant species has an optimal temperature range for germination. If the temperature is too low, the metabolic processes in the seed slow down, and if it's too high, the seed may be damaged or dried out.

Sufficient moisture is critical for germination as it activates the enzymes that promote growth. Water is absorbed by the seed, swelling it and allowing the cells to expand. Without adequate moisture, seeds remain dormant and cannot initiate the germination process.

Oxygen is also necessary because it is needed for aerobic respiration, which provides the energy required for seed germination. During this phase, seeds convert stored food into energy to support growth until the plant can photosynthesize.

Since all three of these factors—favorable temperature, sufficient moisture, and oxygen—are vital for the successful germination of seeds, selecting the option indicating that all are required captures the complete picture of what is necessary for germination to take place.