What essential nutrient is primarily responsible for root development?

Phosphorus is the essential nutrient that plays a crucial role in root development. It is a key component of DNA, RNA, and ATP, which are vital for energy transfer and genetic information within plants. Adequate phosphorus availability in the soil promotes early root growth, helping the plant establish a strong foundation for nutrient and water uptake. This is vital for the overall health and productivity of the plant, especially during the vegetative stages.

In contrast, nitrogen primarily supports vegetative growth and leaf development, while potassium is important for overall plant health, including water regulation and enzyme function. Calcium contributes to cell wall structure and stability but does not directly influence root development as phosphorus does.