How can excessive tillage negatively impact soil health?

Excessive tillage negatively impacts soil health primarily because it contributes to soil erosion and compaction. Tillage involves the mechanical agitation of soil, which can disrupt the natural structure of the soil. This disruption can lead to the breakdown of soil aggregates, making it easier for wind and water to erode the surface. When soil is eroded, the top layer, which is often the most nutrient-rich and biologically active, is removed, resulting in reduced fertility and diminished capacity to support plant growth.

Furthermore, over-tilling can lead to soil compaction, which occurs when soil particles are pressed together tightly. Compacted soil restricts root development and reduces the movement of water and air within the soil profile. This can hinder plant growth and decrease overall soil health, as well-structured soil is crucial for healthy plant roots and effective water infiltration.

In contrast, increasing organic matter content, enhancing soil fertility, and improving water retention are all positive effects associated with proper soil management practices, rather than excessive tillage. Thus, the negative consequences of excessive tillage on soil health are primarily linked to erosion and compaction.